Descriptions and Properties of Natural Fibers used for Fabrics and Textiles
Listed below are properties and descriptions of natural fibers.
Linen
A plant fibre produced from flax, it provides strong yarns with a characteristic smooth appearance with a slight gloss. It is insect resistant and washes well. It is hardwearing and stronger when wet. It can be subject to mildew if used in damp conditions. It has a tendency to crease easily but there are some finishes available now to combat this problem.
Hemp
A plant fibre, is naturally mould and rot resistant. It is very strong and has good shape retention. Over time it softens and develops a rich silky patina. It has excellent thermal properties and can filter up to 95% of UV light.
Silk
Silk is an animal fibre. Unwound from the cocoon of the silkworm moth, this luxury fibre, while somewhat costly and fragile, is valued for its unique texture and surface gloss and luxurious appearance. It has a good resistance to soiling, but is easily damaged by exposure to UV light. The fabric is strong resilient and crease resistant. Colours may not be fast and dry cleaning is often recommended.
Cotton
A plant fibre. Cotton is very strong and durable, even stronger when wet. The fibres take dye well. Under many names, cottons are widely used utility and decorative fabrics. It is an economical fibre but it soils easily, blending and special treatments can improve the service characteristics.
Mohair
This is goats hair usually considered a wool. (see below)
Wool
This is sheared from a sheep and processed to various levels of refinement. It comes in only a few natural colours, although it can be dyed. Its performance characteristics are generally excellent. It is a good insulator it has good soil resistance, it is a very versatile high quality fibre and blends well with synthetics to improve the service characteristics. It is subject to moth and UV light damage.
Jute
A plant fibre of coarse and rough character. Burlap is the most useful product. Hessian
Horsehair
A strong, smooth cloth is made from this fibre. It has had a significant use as an upholstery in traditional design.
Cashmere
A delicate wool, generally too costly and fragile for interior use.
Camel's Hair
Another fine wool too costly for extensive interior use.
Grass and Palm Fibres
Woven grass cloths are not uncommon as wallcovering materials.
To Continue Articles on Interior Design and Decorating Interior Finishes - Fabrics - next page is Artificial Fibers
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